Machine



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. RICHARDSON & P. E. HEATH. ADDING MACHINE. No. 453,507. Patented June2,1891.

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ATTORNEYS.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2. w J. RICHARDSON & F. E. HEATH.

ADDING MACHINE. No. 453,507. Patented June 2,1891.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR 5.

Jlu/M @JMWGQ ATTORNEYS.

(N0 Modem 4 Sheets-Sheet 3. J. RICHARDSON & F. E. HEATH.

ADDING MACHINE.

No. 453,507.- Patented June 2,1891.

VENTOR S. io/wm/ BY 0 ATTORNEYS.

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UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE.

JAMES RICHARDSON, OF NORTH TARRYTO\VN, AND FRANK E. HEATH, OF NE\V YORK,N. Y.

ADDING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 458,507, dated June 2,1891.

Application filed April 14, 1888- Serial No. 270,635. (No model.)

To an whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JAMES RICHARDSON, of North Tarrytown, in the countyof Westchester and State of New York, and FRANK E. HEATH, of the city,county, and State of New York, have invented a new and ImprovedAdding-Machine, of which the following is a specification, referencebeing had to the anneXed drawings, forming a part thereof, in

which- Figure 1 is a plan view of the machine with parts broken away'toshow the internal construction. Fig. 2 is a side elevation. Fig. 3 is alongitudinal section taken on line so 00 in I 5 Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is adetail view of the readjusting mechanism of the verifying-wheels. Fig-5is a front elevation, partly in section, with the forward ends of thekeys removed. Fig. 6 is a detail View of the feeding mechan- 2o ism, andFig. 7 is a detail view hereinafter referred to. I

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all theviews.

The object of our invention is to construct 2 5 a simple and accurateadding-machine.

Our invention consists in the combination, with a series of keysrepresenting the figures from O to 9, of a series of registering-wheels,a series of verifying-wheels, mechanism forimo parting motion to theregistering and verifying wheels according to the number carried by eachkey-lever, and a novel positive carrying mechanism for causing any wheelof the series to carry one to the next wheel in 3 5 order.

It also consists in the combination, with the registering and verifyingwheels, of positive stops for preventing them from passing beyond theprescribed limit.

to It also consists in the combination, with the feeding mechanism, of alet-off device for releasing the feeding-ratchets and a spring forreturning the snmmation-wheel-turning mechanism to the point ofstarting.

The main frame A, which supports all the working parts, is formed of theside plates a a and the end plates 1) 1). Upon pointed screws 0, passingthrough the plates ac near their upper edges, is supported a spindle B,upon which are loosely mounted the summation-wheels d. Eachsnimnation-wheel d is provided with ten cogs or radial projections c,with intervening spaces f, upon which are impressed the figures from 0to 9. A ratchetwheel 9, having as many teeth as there are spaces f inthe summation-wheel, is attached to or formed upon the side of eachsummation-wheel except the first of the series, and

from the opposite side of each summationwheel except the last of theseries projects a pin h, so placed that it just clears the end of thearm 7t, hereinafter described, at the point of starting and engages andmoves said arm j ust before the summation-wheel to which it'loelongscompletes its rotation. 6

Behind and slightly below the spindle B is fixed a rod 0, upon which isplaced a series of bars 1', separated by intervening washers The ends ofthe bars c are forked, forming the arms Z. The arm 70 of each bar 1'pro- 70 jects into the space between two adjacent sum mation-wheels inposition to be engaged by the pin 7b of one wheel, and the arm Zcarriesa spring-actuated pawl m, pivoted to the said arm Z by the stud m whichengages the ratchet-wheel g of the next summation-wheel d of the series.The studm projects beyond the pawl m and is capable of engaging theadjacent summation-wheel, as hereinafter described. The forked ends ofthe bars 1 are guided by a slotted plate a, extending across the frame Abehind the summation-wheels, and the bars i are drawn downward in theslots of the said plate a by spiral springs 0, connected with eyes 13011 the arm land attached toabar (1, extending across the frame A. Onthe lower part of the slotted plate at are attached fiat springs 7',whose free ends are curved so as to present convex surfaces 8 to thecogs e, the said springs acting as brakes to the summation-wheels, alsocausing them to register.

A rook-shaft it extends across the frame A and is journaled in the sideplates at a and provided at one end with a milled head 1), by which itmay be turned. The rock-shaft Lb carries afeather 20, which is adaptedto engage all the pawls m above their pivots and between the arms 7.;land throw them out of engagement with the ratchet 9 when it is desiredto return the summation-wheels d to zero. The boss of the milled head 1;is provided with two notches a a which are engaged by the rounded end ofa spring 1), attached to the plate a. One of these notches is designedto hold the feather in out of engagement with the pawls m, and the otheris designed to hold the feather in engagement with the said pawls.

In front of the row of summation-wheels dis j-ournaled a shaft D in theside plates aa of the frame A. The shaft D is capable of slidinglongitudinally through the frame A and is provided with a longitudinalgroove 0, which extends from a point near the center of the shaft to oneend thereof. The opposite end of the shaft is grooved circumferentiallyto form a cylindrical rack d, which passes between toothed wheels E F,being engaged by both of the said wheels, so that when the lower oneturns it will impart a longitudinal motion to the shaft D. Upon the saidshaft D, between the plates a a of the frame A, is secured a star-wheelG, whose teeth e are adapted to engage the teeth (3 of thesummation-wheels d, the said star-wheel being of about the same width asone of the summation-wheels. At the side of the starwheel is placed anarmf, having a collar g loosely embracing the'shaftD and kept fromsliding longitudinally thereon by a collar h, fixed to the shaft. Thearm f extends through a slot in the cover a" and serves as an index toshow the position of the star-wheel with relation to the series ofsummation-wheels d.

Upon the shaft D, outside of the frame A and adjoining the plate a, isplaced a ratchet j,"provided with a feather (not shown) fitting in thegroove 0' of the shaft and furnished upon the outer side thereof with aboss provided with clutch-teeth Z. The ratchetj is engaged by aspring-actuated retainingpawl m, pivoted 011 a :stud projecting from theplate a, and the ratchet is pressed outwardly in the direction of thelength of the shaft D by a fiat spring 91', secured to the plate a. Theretaining-pawl m is of such a length as to allow the ratchet j to returna part of one tooth by frictional contact of the pinion o, hereinafterdescribed, when this begins toreturn with the sector-lever. This bringsthe star-wheel G out of contact with the tooth of the summation-wheelwith which it has been engaged and allows it to move freely forwardopposite to and ready to engage with the next summation-wheel.

Upon the shaft D, adjoining the boss 76, is loosely placed a pinion 0,provided with a feather fitting into the groove 0' of theshaft. The bossof the pinion 0 is provided with clutch-teeth Z which are engaged by theteeth Z of the ratchet j. The pinion 0' is held in its position upon theshaft D by the arm G,- secured to the plate a and extending upwardlybutside of the said pinion, the arm being provided with an aperture forthe passage of the shaft D.

On a stud p, projecting from an arm q, secured to the plate a, isjournalcd a toothed sector-lever H, which engages the pinion 0'. The armr of the sector-lever His slotted and carries a stud s, which isconnected by arod t with a stud u, projecting through a slot in theplate a from a lever 1; within the frame A. The lever a) is formedintegrally with a frame I, attached to the rock-shaft w, journaled inthe side plates at a of the frame A. A cross-bar a of the frame I isprovided with a series of screws b which extend vertically above the bara Upon a bar'J, extending across the rear end of the frame A, arepivoted the key-levers'L M, the levers L being longer than the levers M,the two series of levers carrying finger-plates N, which are made toalternate in position to economize space. The keylevers L M are arrangedabove the bar a of the frame I and extend through slots in the front ofthe frame A, as shown.

The distance through which the star-wheel G is turned depends upon thedistance through which the sector-lever II swings when one of the keysis depressed, and the screws 19 in the bar a" vary in length accordingto the motion required in thewh eel G to record the number representedby the key by which the wheelisturned. The greatest movement that frameI and lever o are capable of making will turn the star-wheel G throughnine-tenths of one revolution, thereby causing the summation-wheels clto register 9. The smallest motion which can be imparted to the frame Iand lever o is that which moves the starwheel through one-tenth of arevolution and registers 1 on the summation-wheel. The screws 6 areadjusted with reference to the keys and the number to which theycorrespond, so as to cause the keys to be engaged by the screws at thatpoint in the downward movement of the keys which will cause the summation-wheel to turn through the required distance. For example, the9-key begins to impart motion through the frame I and lever 12 to thestar-wheel at the beginning of its stroke, thereby causingthe star-wheelto make nine-tenths of a revolution and add nine to the sum representedby the wheelit engages. The S-key does not engage the screw 1)corresponding with it until it has been depressed one-tenth of itsstroke, and so on throughout the entire series of keys, the l-key beingarranged to push down theframeI and levero', so as to cause onlyone-tenth of a revolution of'the wheel G. The O-key is able to movethroughout its entire stroke without engaging the frame I or turning thestar-wheel G.

In the frame A, behind and above the spindle B, is j ou rnaled arock-shaft P, to which is attached a frame Q, which reaches forward overthe series of number-wheels d and carries a curved stop-plate'c which iscapable of being moved down between two of the rows of teeth eof thesummation-wheels to check them and prevent them from moving beyond theprescribed limit. To the rock-shaft P is fixed an arm d carrying a stud6 which projects through a slot f in the plate a of the frame A.

To a rock-shaft g journaled in the frame A below the keys L, is attacheda frame h which carries a stud 1 which projects through a slot j in theplate a and is connected with the stud f by a connecting-rod W. Theframe hiis provided with a cross-bar Z which is supported normally incontact with all the keys L by a fiat spring m so that when any one ofthe series of keys is depressed the bar Z and frame W, of which it formsa part, are pressed downward, thereby imparting motion to the stop-plate0 By this construction whenever motion is imparted to any one of thesummation-wheels d by depressing a key the stop-plate c will'be carrieddown in front of the advancing tooth e of the said summation-wheel andwill prevent it from being carried beyond the prescribed limit.

To the shaft 0 of the toothed wheel F is secured a ratchet-wheel a andupon the shaft 0 carrying the said toothed wheel and ratchet-wheel, ispivoted an arm 19 which extends above and below the shaft. The upperendof the arm 19 carries a stud g and upon the lower end of the said armis formed a cam r Between the toothed wheel F and the ratchet-wheel "nand upon the shaft 0 is loosely placed an arm 3 which is connectedpivotally with the connecting-rod 25 also connected with the stud aprojecting through a slot in the side of the frame A from an arm '0 ofthe frame 72?. The arm .9 carries a springactuated pawl 10 which isadapted to engage the ratchet-wheel 11?.

To the bracket 19 which supports one end of the shaft 0 is secured astud 0 which supports an arm (i to the free end of which is pivoted aspring-actuated pawl 6 provided with a stud f and adapted to engage theratchet-wheel n To the plate a of the frame A are attached ears g, inwhich is journaled a rock-shaft k carrying a cam 1?, adapted to engagethe stud (1 of the arm 19 and the pin 7' projecting from the side ofthe, pawl 10 By means of this arrangement when the rock-shaft h isturned in the manner presently to be described the pawl 10 is lifted outof the ratchet 01 and the arm 19 is moved by the engagement of the cam iwith the pin (1 thereby bringing the rounded lower end of the arm 132into engagement with the stud f projecting from the pawl e and liftingthat pawl out of the ratchet W. The shaft 0 is prolonged beyond thebracket b to receive the inner end of a spiral spring 10 the outer endof which is looped and received on a stud-projecting from the bracket 5(See Fig. 7.) The spring is inclosed by a cap m supported by the shaft 0Vhen the wheel F is turned by the action of the pawl and ratchet in themanner presently to be de scribed, power is stored in the spring a forreturning the wheel F and the shaft D to the point of starting after therelease of the ratchet n. The forward end of the rockshaft h is providedwith an arm 01 which extends through a slot in the plate ainto the frameA.

In the frame A, in front of the shaft D and slightly below the level ofthe shaft, is secured a rod R, upon which are placed the verifying-Wheels 0 The said verifying-wheels are provided with twelve cogs orradial projections, and in each wheel is formed a circular slot 19 forreceiving a rod (1 which is carried by arms 0- r journaled on the rod B.To the arms 1' r are secured pinions s s, which turn on the rod R.

In the frame A, parallel with the rod R, is journaled a rock-shaft S,carrying toothed sectors 25 i which engage the pinions s 3 The toothedsectors 25 t are provided with arms 21, which carry a rod 0 parallelwith the shaft S. The arm a of the sector :5 adjoining the plate a, isprovided with the finger 10 which engages the arm n carried by the shaftg In the frame A, in front of the shaft S, is journaled a rock-shaft T,carrying arms b to which is attached a finger-plate c". The arms 17 restupon the rod '0 Below the rod R and wheels 0 carried thereby, arock-shaft d is journaled in the side plates a a of the frame A. To thesaid shaft d are attached the curved arms e, carrying a cross-bar funder the series of keys L, and to the same shaft (1 are attached thearms 9, which carry a bar h adapted to engage the teeth t' of theverifying-wheels 0 The teeth 6 of the verifying-wheels are engaged bythe teeth 6' of the star-wheel, so that every movement of the star-wheelis registered upon the summation-wheels d and upon the verifying-wheels0 Each verifyingwheel is pressed by a curved spring j which prevents itfrom moving too-freely and also causes it to register. The keys L, whennot being depressed by the fingers are supported by the springs securedto the cross-bar Z of the frame A and extending over a rod m supportedby the side plates a a, of the frame A.

The top of the machine is provided with a slot or, through which thesummation-wheels d are viewed, and also with a slot 0 through which thenumbers upon the wheels 0 are viewed, and the top U is provided withlines extending down across the slots 02* o to assist the operator inadjusting the arm f.

The operation of our improved adding-machine is as follows: On touchinga key-say the 3-keythe bar a by the engagement of the lower edge of thekey with the screw 1) belonging to that key, is pressed downward asufficient distance to turn the shaft D by the means already described,so as to carry the star-wheel G forward three notches, thereby turningthe summationavheel with which the star-wheel is engaged three placesforward from 0,- displayingthe figure 3 at the slot-n. uponthat wheel.The same depression of the key that turns. the star-wheel in the mannerdescribed presses down the ban Z and the frame 71 of which the bar formsapart, drawing down the stop-plate 0 so as to bring it into engagementwith one of the teeth of When the key thus depressed is allowed to rise,the upward move-- the summation-wheel.

position. As the ratchet movesforwardit. carries around the toothedwheel F, and by the engagement of the said wheel moves-the shaftDforward,'so as to bring .the-star-wheel Goppositeanothersu-mmation-wheel, and the next downward motion revolvesthe starwheel, so as to register the numbercalled forby the particularkey, and so on u'ntil the star-wheel 1 arrivesat. the end of itstravel,

when the finger-plate 10 is pressed, thereby bringing the cam i intoengagement with the pin j ofvthe pawl 10 and with the. pin (1 of :thearm Theroun-ded end of the arm 6 engagesthe pin f projectingfromthe-side of the pawl 10 and lifts the said pawl outof engagement withthe ratchet of, so that the spring. which is. wound by the forwardmovement of the toothed wheel F, may return.

the star-wheel G-to the point. of starting. Wheneverthe finger-plate c"is pressed, besides releasing the pawlsin ,themannerdescribed, throughthe agency of the rock-shaft 7L3, it turns the sectors i causing. therod (1 to carry all of the verifying-wheels back to the point ofstarting, so that the figure O isseen on all the verifying-wheelsvthroughout the length of-the slot 0 after the addition .ofeachsuccessive number and before the next is added; \Vhen it is desiredto rearrange thesummation-wheels d, so as to erase the footing: andbegin a new summation, the shaft u is turned, soasto release the pawls mfromthe ratchets g, when the said summationwheels are turned by means ofthe keys corresponding to the number required to maketen when added tothe number seen through the slot'on each of the summation-wheels, re-

spectively,:moving. from'left to right, as inv performing the addition.To effect the carrying for tens from onewheel to another, the pin h atthe end of the revolution of the wheel carried by it engages the arm 70of the bar 2', which-carries up the said bar t' a. sufficient distanceto cause the pawl to act upon the ratchet of the adjoiningwheel to theleft and cause it to make one-tenth of a revolution. At the same timethe stud m supporting pawl m on end of arm Z, engages the tooth of thesummation-wheel that has been carried and looks it for an instant, sothat it can go no more than one-tenth of a revolution.

After its release the arm t" is drawn downward by the spring 0, attachedto the lower end of the pawl m, so as to bring the pawl on intoengagement. with a new tooth of the ratchet g. 7

Having, thus described' our invention, we claim. as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent 1. In an adding-machine, the combination,

with series of summation-wheels arranged upon a common support, of'ashaft capable of longitudinal and rotarymovement, astarwheel .fixed'tothe shaft and arranged to-en-.

gage the summation-wheel of-the series, a series of finger-keys, andpawl-and-ratchet mechanism connected with theekeys and shaft'and adaptedto impart longitudinal; androtary motion to the shaft, substantially asspecified.

2. In an adding-machine, the combination of the. summation wheels (1,provided with teeth e, the grooved shaft D, the star-wheel" G,-.carriedby the said shaft.- and adapted to engage the. summation -wheels, theratchet- ,wheel j, prov-idedwith clutch-teeth Z, the

pawl m, and spring, n, the pinion 0, provided with clutch-teeth lithetoothed. sector I H, keysL ,M, and mechanism intermediate between thekeys and toothed sector, substantially as specified.

3. In an addingsmachine, the combination, with thesummation-wheel-operating shaft D, provided with a cylindrical rack, ofthe toothed wheels E F, the ratchet of, connected with the wheel F, thearm 8 the pawl 10 carried thereby, the spring-actuated pawl c and meansfor impartingmotion to the arm 8 substantially as described.

4. In an adding-machine, the combination, with thesummation-wheeloperating-shaft provided with a cylindricalrack,of the toothed wheels EF, the shaft 0 carrying the wheel F, the ratchet n attached to the shaft0 the arm 3 mounted loosely on thesaid shaft, the spring-pressed pawl 10pivoted to the arm 8 and provided with the stud 7' the springpressedretaining-pawl a provided with the pin f the arm pflmounted loosely onthe shaft 0 and provided with the stud (1 the rock-shaft h" and arm '53,carried thereby, and means, substantially as described, for turningtheshaft 703.

5. The combination, with the summationwheels d and star-wheel G, of theslotted verifying-wheels o adapted to be moved by the said star-wheel,the arms r 7*, rod 1 carried by the said arms and extending through theslots-of the verifying-wheels, the pinions s .9 attached tothe arms r r,the toothed sectors t 6 engaging the pinions s s, and the finger-plated,adapted to operate the said sectors, substantially as specified.

6. In an adding-machine, the combination,

with the summation-wheels (1, provided with bars being arranged to beengaged by the pins h, substantially as specified.

7. The combination of the forked barsi and the pawls m of the carryingmechanism with the shaft to, carrying the feather w for engaged toengage and stop the summation-Wheel to after being moved by the saidarm, substantially as specified.

JAMES RICHARDSON. FRANK E. HEATH.

\Vitnesses:

EDGAR TATE, J. M. BITTER.

